Estimated threat to coral reefs from coastal development, which reflects: the number, size, population density, and population growth rates of human settlements on the coast; locations of seaports, airports and hotels; and traffic from tourism.

2011 Threat to Coral Reefs from Coastal Development

Estimated threat to coral reefs from marine-based pollution and damage, which reflects: distance from commercial and cruise ports, shipping intensity as measured by a voluntary reporting scheme, and presence of oil infrastructure.

2011 Threat to Coral Reefs from Marine-Based Pollution

Estimated threat to coral reefs from land-based pollution, which reflects sediment deposits accumulated throughout watersheds and released at river mouths.

2011 Threat to Coral Reefs from Land-Based Pollution

Estimated threat to coral reefs from overfishing and destructive fishing, which is based on proxies for demand for fish products and monitoring by field experts. The threat may be adjusted within marine protected areas rated as "effective" or "partially effective".

2011 Threat to Coral Reefs from Overfishing

Estimated threat to coral reefs from combined local activities in 2011. Local threats include: coastal development; marine-based pollution and damage; watershed-based pollution; overfishing and destructive fishing practices.

Resource Watch

2011 Integrated Local Threat Level for Coral Reefs

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